Capstone—Ethnicity, Ethnic Conflict, and Conflict Resolution (POLI 350/MESA 495)
Capstone—Ethnicity, Ethnic Conflict, and Conflict Resolution (POLI 350/MESA 495)
Course Modules
Introduction (Jan 8)
Introduction (Jan 8)
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Welcome to my class! I organize everything in the modules you see below. They are your "home" page in Canvas. For the syllabus, see the "Syllabus" tab. Assignments are listed throughout the modules, but you can also view them on the "Assignments" tab (select "view by type" in the upper-right corner to group by type). To make navigation easier, you can expand or minimize the modules using the downward-pointing arrows on the left side of each module header.
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Jan 8 - Syllabus and Course Overview
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1. Ethnic Identity and Research Methods (Jan 11–25)
1. Ethnic Identity and Research Methods (Jan 11–25)
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Jan 10 - 1.1 - What is Ethnicity and How Does It Change
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We begin with readings that discuss the most basic issue of this course: What is ethnicity? Each of these three readings provides slightly different definitions of this seemingly simple term. As you go through them, please note the similarities and differences between their definitions. Think of groups you know that you would consider an ethnicity—do they meet the criteria each of these readings outlines?
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Jan 17 - 1.2 - Measuring and Manipulating Ethnicity in the Social Sciences
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How should we think about ethnicity as a variable in social science research designs? Sometimes, the ascriptive aspects of ethnic identity can make carrying out (or even developing a theory related to) a research project difficult. These readings address this topic, the first discussing how researchers might think about manipulating ethnicity (or other identities) in social science research, and the second discussing common indices measuring ethnic divisions. In the second reading, pay particular attention to the discussion of fractionalization versus polarization.
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Jan 22 - 1.3 - Research Design
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All of your projects will relate to race and ethnicity in some way. However, you research designs will vary greatly in terms of the approaches you use to make causal claims. The readings are meant to highlight some of the common problems threatening causal inference in quantitative and qualitative designs, as well as outline some common qualitative research designs. In the first reading (KKV), focus on the following terms: inference, selection on the dependent variable, omitted variable bias, inefficiency, endogeneity, and the number of cases. The second reading, Gisselquist, outlines the use of paired comparisons in making causal claims; pay particular attention to the "method of difference" (also known as most similar) and the "method of agreement" (also known as most different) methods. Also note where the author agrees/disagrees with KKV. The third reading, Collier, comes from the perspective of a researcher who thinks that analyzing single cases can allow for causal claims, which contrasts with some of the other readings. Focus in particular on the four process tracing tests that Collier outlines.
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Jan 24 - RESEARCH QUESTION BRAINSTORMING
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2. Understanding Intergroup Behavior, Tension, and Conflict (Jan 30–Mar 6)
2. Understanding Intergroup Behavior, Tension, and Conflict (Jan 30–Mar 6)
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Jan 29 - 2.1 - Individual-Level Approaches I
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Many in political science divide the study of conflict into "micro" theories, which depend on human psychology and behavior at the individual level, and "macro" theories, which depend on institutions and elite incentives at a higher level. We start with a look at some of the foundations for micro-level theories, and we begin with a focus on cognitive and social psychology, which is where many political scientists borrow the theoretical foundations for such theories. The first reading is from a political psychologist named Leonie Huddy, and it discusses how we get from theories in the discipline of psychology explaining group formation and attitudes to theories in the discipline of political science explaining how political group formation and action. Focus in particular on the different theoretical frameworks she outlines for understanding intergroup relations. The second reading is from Marilynn Brewer, a social psychologist, and makes a point I think is central to understanding these micro-level foundations: loving your own group identity is not the same as hating other groups, but both can result in negative outcomes like discrimination. Note that these are both articles focused on theory-building and summarizing research across the field rather than providing their own research project or analysis.
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Jan 31 - 2.2 - Individual-Level Approaches II
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For today's readings, I wanted to highlight theories in comparative politics and American politics that use an individual-level approach to understand when discrimination or violence occur between groups. The first, Petersen 2002, is a chapter from a larger book on ethnic and religious violence in Eastern Europe. This was chosen because it is one of the few overarching theories in a comparative context based on individual-level behavior. The second, Kinder 2009, comes from Donald Kinder and Cindy Kam's book "Us Against Them" on ethnocentrism in American attitudes. The chapter I've chosen focuses on the relationship between ethnocentric attitudes and individuals' positions on immigration policy.
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Feb 5 - 2.3 - Elite-Driven Mechanisms
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We are shifting gears now to discuss the issue of macro-level factors that affect when and where conflict erupts between groups. You have two readings for the day. The first is a chapter from a book titled "Votes and Violence: Electoral Competition and Ethnic Riots in India." In the book, Steven Wilkinson outlines a theory of how electoral incentives of politicians affect the likelihood of ethnic riots, and explores this theory in the context of Hindus and Muslims in India. The second reading is an article by Daniel Posner that also explores the incentives of politicians, but in this case what causes variation in those incentives is the size of the groups relative to the population as a whole. Please focus on explaining the theory (with IV and DV and mechanisms connecting them), the data and design method to test that theory, and the results of each piece.
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Feb 7 - 2.4 - Geography
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Today we are exploring another macro-level factor affecting group behavior: the geographical distribution of groups. There are two chapters assigned from the book "The Space Between Us" by Ryan Enos. The first, chapter 3, discusses the author's theory about the importance of social geography to our attitudes and behavior toward other groups. The second, chapter 7, looks at the outcome of cooperation between groups in the context of Jerusalem. Please focus on explaining the theory (with IV and DV and mechanisms connecting them), the data and research design method to test that theory, and the results the author finds.
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Feb 12 - 2.5 - Minority and Majority Status
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Many researchers view the relative size of a group as an important factor to consider in studying intergroup relations and in determining group-based political behavior. These three readings look more closely at this factor. The first, Enos 2015, is related to the reading for the previous class period. This paper still focuses on geography, but is related to minority politics because it examines the political threat that the geographic proximity of a minority group might pose. Okooii 2016 is the most theoretically-focused of the papers, and in this piece, the author examines why political and social discrimination against minorities might result in different political behavior by members of those minority groups. The last article (on which I am a coauthor) looks at the mobilization of the minority group of Palestinian Citizens of Israel in response to a potential threat to their citizenship.
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Feb 14 - 2.6 - Civil War
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Because I am a comparativist who studies topics related to political psychology and behavior, most of our readings have been in the realms of Comparative or American Politics. Today, we consider a couple of readings from International Relations on the role of ethnicity in civil wars. The first reading by Hegre and Sambanis takes a large-n approach to this topic and finds that ethnicity plays a minor role in civil wars (this is a fairly common position in the IR literature more generally). The other two readings make an argument for a more central role of ethnicity in civil war. The first, by Kalyvas, discusses how such conflicts can shape ethnic identity; the second, by Denny and Walter, is the most theoretically-driven of the pieces and provides an argument for why ethnic divides might be uniquely suited as a basis for mobilizing in civil wars.
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Feb 20 - NO CLASS - WORK ON RESEARCH PROPOSALS
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Feb 21 - 2.7 - What Can Prevent Negative Outcomes?
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Later, in module 4, we will discuss more in-depth how societies can build tolerance and reconciliation between groups who have been in conflict. Although the readings for today have overlap with those ideas, I am trying to focus on readings that explain why conflict between groups might not result in the first place. In Miguel 2004, you'll read a case comparison that focuses on nation-building as an important factor that can help bridge social divisions. In Fearon and Laitin 1996, you'll read a theory of why cooperation across ethnic groups is actually more common than violence. Note that this second reading is a game theory article, and pages 719 to 724 are fairly dense. Don't feel like you need to understand the technical aspects of that section—instead, just focus on understanding the intuition for the two equilibria that result from their model, what assumptions those are based on, and how results might change if you make different assumptions.
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Feb 26 - RESEARCH PROPOSALS FEEDBACK
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NOTE: This is NOT a presentation—so don't feel like you have to prepare something for class! This is an opportunity for your peers to provide feedback on your proposal. We will focus on the theory, method, and hypotheses for your projects.
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Students assigned for today: Amanda, Ben, Rebecca, Jackie, and Kate
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Feb 28 - RESEARCH PROPOSALS FEEDBACK
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Students assigned for today: Bailey, Andrew, Emiliano, Taylor, Christine
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Mar 4 - RESEARCH PROPOSALS FEEDBACK
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Students assigned for today: Izzy, Kennedy, Haley, Rohan, Anna, Allison
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3. Conflict Settlement (Mar 6–18)
3. Conflict Settlement (Mar 6–18)
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Mar 6 - 3.1 - Military Victory and Negotiated Settlement
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QuizMid-Course Evaluation Mid-Course EvaluationScore at least Must score at least to complete this module item Scored at least Module item has been completed by scoring at least View Must view in order to complete this module item Viewed Module item has been viewed and is complete Mark done Must mark this module item done in order to complete Marked done Module item marked as done and is complete Contribute Must contribute to this module item to complete it Contributed Contributed to this module item and is complete Submit Must submit this module item to complete it Submitted Module item submitted and is complete
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Mar 11–13 - NO CLASS
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This is an informal break from classes—I will still be in the classroom during the scheduled times, to consult on data access (which you should be working on!) as well as paper drafts. Since our first rough draft focuses on the beginning of your paper, some questions to consider as you prepare any drafts you bring in: What sources am I using to discuss the context for my project (e.g. the location or country or time period)? What sources am I using to discuss the topic of my project (e.g. if you are studying ethnic identification, what factors can cause changes in ethnic identification according to researchers)? Where do the sources I'm using agree or disagree? How am I differentiating the theory for my project from what others have said? There is no page requirement for drafts that I look at - so whatever you have written you can bring in!
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Mar 18 - 3.2 - Power-Sharing, Autonomy and Secession, and Mediation
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4. Fostering Tolerance and Reconciliation (Mar 20–Apr 3)
4. Fostering Tolerance and Reconciliation (Mar 20–Apr 3)
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Mar 20 - 4.1 - Paper Workshop Day
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We will be working in small groups to workshop our literature review and theory sections. No readings or readings assessment are due for today; instead, I am asking you to bring something from the draft of your paper to workshop with fellow students. Because the first rough draft is due on Friday, you might want to work on your literature review and/or theory section. Please bring at least a page to share with your fellow students.
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Mar 25 - 4.2 - What is Peace?
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In general, we think it is a good thing for groups to get along with each other peacefully. But what do we mean by peace? Does peace require integration? Does it require you to like members of other groups? To ignore differences? Is it sufficient to just put up with those around you? Most of our readings have focused on modern politics, but for today we will be discussing two chapters from Kaplan's book "Divided by Faith: Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe." In this book, the author discusses what toleration of different religious communities looked like in early modern Europe, which will serve as a springboard for us discussing some of the issues outlined in the questions above.
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Mar 27 - 4.3 - Paper/Poster Workshop Day
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We will be working in small groups again to workshop our papers (or, this time, posters as well). No readings or readings assessment are due for today; instead, I am asking you to bring something from the draft of your paper, or a draft of your poster, to workshop with fellow students. Because the poster is due on Friday, you might want to submit your poster for review. If you are bringing a portion of your paper, bring at least a page to share with your fellow students.
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Apr 1 - 4.4 - Approaches to Reconciliation
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Researchers have studied a number of different approaches for how to help post-conflict societies find peace and reconciliation. The following four readings will be the basis for discussion on this topic. The first reading by Paluck et al is a review piece looking at recent research on intergroup contact. However, contact is not the only method for trying to reconcile groups, and some situations may make the ideal type of contact proposed by the contact hypothesis unrealistic. The second reading by Ditlmann et al is a review piece that looks at alternative approaches to individual-level interventions that can help with group reconciliation. The final two readings focus on community driven development and truth and reconciliation committees.
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Apr 3 - 4.5 - Paper Workshop Day
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We will be working in small groups again to workshop our papers. No readings or readings assessment are due for today; instead, I am asking you to bring something from the draft of your paper to workshop with fellow students. Because the second rough draft is due on Friday, you might want to work on your results section. Please bring (and submit) at least a page to share with your fellow students.
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Conclusion (Apr 8–17)
Conclusion (Apr 8–17)
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Apr 8 - RESEARCH PRESENTATIONS
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Rebecca, Allison, Ben, Anna
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Apr 10 - RESEARCH PRESENTATIONS
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Taylor, Izzy, Emiliano, Christine
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Apr 11 - FULTON CONFERENCE 9–11:45AM WSC BALLROOM (ATTENDANCE NOT REQUIRED)
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Apr 15 - RESEARCH PRESENTATIONS
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Kate, Andrew, Amanda, Rohan
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Apr 17 - RESEARCH PRESENTATIONS
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Jackie, Bailey, Kennedy, Haley
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